################################################################################ BENCHMARK STUDY FOR CO2 STORAGE This is problem 3.1 from Class H. et al. 2009 A benchmark study on problems related to CO2 storage in geological formations. Comput. Geosci. 13(4):409-434. DOI:10.1007/s10596-009-9146-x See description at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10596-009-9146-x Note, that oil is treated as the brine phase. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Last update on 21.02.2021 Program Version: 2021.B01 ################################################################################ RUNSPEC ################### RUNSPEC section begins here ###################### FAST We use FAST option. STARTTIM The initial time is -365.25 days= -365.25 / = -1 year. COMPS ^^^^^^ We switch the program to the COMPS EOS module ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 2 / The fluid is characterised by 2 components. CAPPRES We enable capillary pressure. ISOTHERM We use the isothermal modelling option. METRIC ^^^^^^^^^^^^ We use METRIC units ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ GRID ##################### GRID section begins here ####################### The grid is specified within brackets MAKE-ENDMAKE MAKE <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< -- corner point We select Corner-point gridding -- grid nx ny nz option and specify the number of CORNER 78 78 9 / grid blocks along every axis. INCLUDE We load the grid in corner-point format 'EXAMPLE-H3.GRDECL' / from include file. INCLUDE We load ACTNUM distribution to cut-off 'EXAMPLE-H3-LARGE.ACTNUM' / a smaller sector of the reservoir. FAULTS -- --name-- ------box------ -direction tag- We specify fault plane FAULT1 40 78 39 39 1 9 J+ / named FAULT1. -- -------- --------------- --------------- / MULTFLT -- --name-- -multiplier- We multiply transmissibility across FAULT1 0.0 / the fault plane by factor 0.0. -- -------- ------------ / BOUNDARY -- --name-- ------box------ --direction tags-- --type-- --mode-- 123 6* I- I+ J- J+ 2* SAMESIZE ACTBASED / 223 40 78 39 39 1 9 J+ 5* SAMESIZE ALL / 223 40 78 40 40 1 9 J- 5* SAMESIZE ALL / -- -------- --------------- ------------------ -------- -------- / Using the keyword BOUNDARY - we encompass the reservoir with auxiliary grid blocks marked as FLUXNUM=123. Further, we use these blocks for modelling fluid influx from the aquifer; - we create auxiliary grid blocks on either side of the fault plane marked as FLUXNUM=223. Further, we use these grid blocks to fix pressure at the fault plane. WELSPECS -- -------- -- ---- ---- -------- -- well i- j- datum -- name ind ind depth -- -------- -- ---- ---- -------- We specify well INJECTOR in the column INJECTOR 1* 30 48 / i=30, j=48. -- -------- -- ---- ---- -------- / COMPDAT -- -------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -------- -------- -------- INJECTOR 1* 1* 6 9 OPEN 1* 1* 0.15 / -- -------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -------- -------- -------- / We specify that the well is completed in layer k=6-9. The wellbore diameter is 0.15 meters. DZWELL We define that the well is visible in 250 25 / ParaView up to 250 meters above the top layer and up to 25 meters below the bottom layer. ENDMAKE >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> PORO We load porosity from include file. ASCII 'EXAMPLE-H3.PORO' / PERMX We load X-axis permeability from ASCII 'EXAMPLE-H3.PERM' / include file. COPY -- --from-- ---to--- ------box------ We copy X-axis permeability into PERMX PERMY / Y-axis and Z-axis permeability, PERMX PERMZ / -- -------- -------- --------------- / RPTGRID DEPTH XCOORD YCOORD PORO PERMX PERMY PERMZ I-IJKRES J-IJKRES K-IJKRES / We report these properties from the GRID section. PROPS ####################### PROPS section begins here #################### SATOPT We change the method of interpolation 2* 1 / of saturation functions beyond the the critical values. Rock properties are specified within brackets ROCK-ENDROCK ROCK <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< / ROCKDH We specify that 2500 1.0 / rock density is 2500 kg/m3, rock heat capacity is 1.0 kJ/kg/K These quantities are required to be entered, but do not influence the injection process, because it is considered isothermal. ENDROCK >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Fluid is characterised within brackets EOS-ENDEOS EOS <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< / EOSTATE We chose SW section of the built-in SW / library of EoS coefficients. The SW section contains correlations of the Soreide and Whitson (1992) model. LIBCOMPS The fluid consists of H2O (i.e. brine) H2O CO2 / and CO2. Note, that H2O must be the 1st component of the fluid. ZI The default (i.e. initial) fluid 1.0 0.0 / composition is 100% of H2O and 0% of CO2. RXSM The mass fraction of NaCl in brine is 0.1 / 0.1 (i.e. 1.9 mol/kg). ENDEOS >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> The relative permeabilities are specified within brackets SAT-ENDSAT SAT <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< / SGOF -- sgas krg krl Pcgl 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 1.00000E-01 / We specify the relative 0.050000 0.000000 1.000000 1.03280E-01 / permeability, krg and krl, and 0.100000 0.000573 0.758835 1.06904E-01 / capillary pressure, Pcgl, as 0.150000 0.004425 0.564168 1.10940E-01 / functions of gas saturation, 0.200000 0.014400 0.409600 1.15470E-01 / sgas. 0.250000 0.032869 0.289205 1.20605E-01 / 0.300000 0.061728 0.197531 1.26491E-01 / 0.350000 0.102400 0.129600 1.33333E-01 / 0.400000 0.155832 0.080909 1.41421E-01 / 0.450000 0.222499 0.047427 1.51186E-01 / 0.500000 0.302400 0.025600 1.63299E-01 / 0.550000 0.395062 0.012346 1.78885E-01 / 0.600000 0.499536 0.005057 2.00000E-01 / 0.650000 0.614400 0.001600 2.30940E-01 / 0.700000 0.737758 0.000316 2.82843E-01 / 0.750000 0.867240 0.000020 4.00000E-01 / 0.800000 1.000000 0.000000 1.00000E+01 / / ENDSAT >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> INIT ####################### INIT section begins here ##################### REGALL ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The initial fluid equilirium is specified within EQL-ENDEQL brackets. EQL <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< / EQUIL -- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -- datum datum GOC -- depth pressure depth -- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- 2500 253.1 1* 1* 2000 / -- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Using the keyword EQUIL, we specify that - pressure is 253.1 bar at depth 2500 m; - gas-water contact is above the top layer (at depth 2000 m). TEMPCVD 2500 85 / We specify that the temperature is 85C at 2500 m depth and 3000 100 / 100 C at 3000 m depth. / ENDEQL >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> EQUALNAM We specify that the injected CO2 PRES 250. INJECTOR / temperature is 80 C at 250 bar. TEMPC 80 / ZMF$1 0.0 / ZMF$2 1.0 / No water vapour in injected gas. / RPTSUM PRES TEMPC SGAS SOIL ZMF$1 ZMF$2 DGAS DOIL XMF$1 XMF$2 YMF$1 YMF$2 VISGAS VISOIL / We report these properties for the grid blocks. RPTFIELD FXIPM$1 FXIPM$2 FYIPM$1 FYIPM$2 FZIPM$1 FZIPM$2 / We report these fluid-in-place quantities. SCHEDULE #################### SCHEDULE section begins here #################### WEEKTOL We enable WEEKTOL modelling option (week convergence tolerance). ILUTFILL ILUT fill factor is 5.0. 5 / ILUTDROP ILUT drop factor is 0.0001. 1E-4 / REPORTS No reports to the LOG-file. NOTHING / ====================================================================== TUNING The next time step is 10 days. Maximal 1* 100 10 / time step is limited by 100 days. TSTEP No flow/injection during the first year. 365.25 / We check the initial equilibration option. ====================================================================== EQUALREG -- new -- property value marker marker value -- -------- -------- --------- --------- Now, we fix parameters (pressure ACTNUM 2 FLUXNUM 123 / and temperature) at all boundary ACTNUM 2 FLUXNUM 223 / grid blocks. -- -------- -------- --------- --------- / WELLINJE -- -------- ---- ---- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -- name mode ctrl volume mass bhp max pump tanktype vol rate -- rate rate rate dimens -- -------- ---- ---- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- INJECTOR OPEN MASS 0 1296 500 1E5 / -- -------- ---- ---- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- / Using the keyword WELLINJE, we start CO2 injection. Injection rate is 1296 t/day. Maximal bottom hole pressure is 50 MPa. TUNING The next time step is 1 day. The 1. 92. 1. / maximal time step is 92 days. TSTEP We advance simulation to 25 years 25*365.25 / reporting every year. ====================================================================== WELLSTOP Now, we stop the CO2 injection. INJECTOR / / TUNING The next time step is 1 day. The 1. 92 1. / maximal time step is 92 days. TSTEP We advance simulation for 25 years 25*365.25 / reporting every year. POST ####################### POST section begins here ##################### CONVERT We convert the output to ParaView compatible format. RPTPOST NOTHING TIMEY FXIPM$1 FXIPM$2 FYIPM$1 FYIPM$2 FZIPM$1 FZIPM$2 / We report these quantities changes POSTFLD with time in a separate table. / END #####################################################################